Grid?forming inverter control design for PV sources considering DC?link dynamics

A grid-forming inverter in an inverter-dominated grid should operate as a dispatchable voltage source, which is difficult to achieve when the interfaced with nonlinear dc sources such photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This paper presents new controller considers PV source dynamics and limitations maintains dc-link stability under transient overload conditions. single-loop without ac current feedback used, synchronization achieved using voltage-frequency droop. Additional current-virtual impedance feedforward compensation included improve output passivity. The limits operation of linear portion its characteristic by regulating modulation index, thus preventing collapse. proposed implemented tested on controller-in-the-loop simulation platform. results show that shares power proportion capacities parallel inverters, effectively during faults, drop overloaded. also validated hardware testbed.